Indian Skimmer (Rynchops albicollis): A Comprehensive Biological and Ecological Study The Indian Skimmer (Rynchops albicollis) is among the most extraordinary waterbirds of the Indian subcontinent, instantly recognizable by its elongated, laterally compressed bill and its highly specialized feeding behavior. This species is intimately associated with large river systems, estuaries, and coastal wetlands, where it functions […]
Little Tern (Sternula albifrons): An In‑Depth Study of Biology, Ecology, and Estuarine Significance The Little Tern (Sternula albifrons) is one of the smallest and most delicate members of the tern family, renowned for its energetic flight, sharp plunge-diving skills, and close dependence on shallow coastal and inland waters. Despite its diminutive size, this species plays […]
Bridled Tern (Onychoprion anaethetus) – A Comprehensive Study Taxonomy & Classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae Genus: Onychoprion Species: Onychoprion anaethetus The Bridled Tern (Onychoprion anaethetus) is a member of the tern family Laridae, known for its graceful flight and distinctively marked plumage. It is a medium-sized seabird widely distributed […]
Lesser Crested Tern (Thalasseus bengalensis): A Detailed Study of Biology, Ecology, and Coastal–Estuarine Significance The Lesser Crested Tern (Thalasseus bengalensis) is a striking seabird of tropical and subtropical coastlines, instantly recognizable by its elegant structure, buoyant flight, and vivid yellow bill. Closely associated with warm marine waters, estuaries, and productive coastal systems, this species […]
Common Tern (Sterna hirundo): A Comprehensive Biological and Ecological Study The Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) is one of the most widely distributed and scientifically studied tern species in the world. Known for its elegant flight, sharp plunge-diving technique, and strong migratory instincts, this seabird plays a critical role in coastal and inland aquatic ecosystems. The […]
Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea) – The Ultimate Migratory Bird Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae Genus: Sterna Species: Sterna paradisaea Morphology & Physical Characteristics The Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea) is a medium-sized seabird known for its striking appearance and extreme migratory behavior. Size: 28–39 cm (11–15 inches) in length Wingspan: […]
White-winged Tern (Chlidonias leucopterus): Biology, Ecology, and Seasonal Presence in the Wetlands of the Indian Subcontinent The White-winged Tern (Chlidonias leucopterus) is a refined and agile marsh tern, widely admired for its contrasting plumage, buoyant flight, and close association with freshwater and brackish wetlands. Unlike coastal terns that dominate marine shorelines, this species is primarily […]
Caspian Tern (Hydroprogne caspia): A Comprehensive Study of the World’s Largest Tern The Caspian Tern (Hydroprogne caspia) is the largest living member of the tern family and one of the most imposing seabirds found across the world’s coastal and inland waters. Distinguished by its massive wingspan, powerful red bill, and commanding aerial presence, this species […]
Whiskered Tern (Chlidonias hybrida): A Comprehensive Study of Biology, Ecology, and Seasonal Presence in the Sundarbans The Whiskered Tern (Chlidonias hybrida) is a graceful, medium-sized tern species widely admired for its buoyant flight, elegant breeding plumage, and close association with inland wetlands, marshes, and coastal lagoons. Unlike many sea-oriented terns, this species demonstrates a remarkable […]
Gull-billed Tern (Gelochelidon nilotica) – A Comprehensive Biological and Ecological Study Introduction The Gull-billed Tern (Gelochelidon nilotica) is a distinctive and widely distributed species of tern, notable for its robust, gull-like bill and its highly versatile feeding ecology. Unlike many other terns that specialize in piscivory, this species demonstrates remarkable dietary flexibility, exploiting both aquatic […]