Plum-headed Parakeet (Psittacula cyanocephala)

The Plum-headed Parakeet (Psittacula cyanocephala) is a strikingly beautiful bird species native to the Indian subcontinent, known for its vibrant plumage and playful nature. This species is part of the family Psittaculidae and is often found in forests, woodlands, and cultivated areas. It is one of the many fascinating avian species that contribute to the rich biodiversity of the Sundarban ecosystem.

Taxonomy and Classification

• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Chordata
• Class: Aves
• Order: Psittaciformes
• Family: Psittaculidae
• Genus: Psittacula
• Species: Psittacula cyanocephala

The Plum-headed Parakeet is closely related to the Blossom-headed Parakeet (Psittacula roseata), but it can be distinguished by its unique coloration and smaller size.

Morphology and Physical Characteristics

• Size: Medium-sized parakeet, measuring around 33 cm (13 in) in length, including its long tail.
• Weight: Approximately 70-75 grams.
• Male Plumage:
  • The male has a striking plum-colored head, which transitions to a bluish tinge towards the crown.
  • A black stripe runs from the lower mandible, resembling a mustache.
  • The back and wings are bright green, with shades of yellow on the underparts.
  • The rump and tail are blue, with yellow tips.
• Female Plumage:
  • The female lacks the deep plum coloration, instead exhibiting a dull bluish-gray head.
  • She also has a greenish tinge on the wings and back.
• Juveniles:
  • Young birds resemble females but lack the black chin stripe.
  • Their beaks are initially orange before turning red as they mature.

Habitat and Distribution

The Plum-headed Parakeet is found across India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. It thrives in a variety of habitats, including:

• Deciduous and evergreen forests
• Mangroves and riverine forests
• Cultivated lands and orchards
• Urban gardens and parks

Presence in Sundarban

The Sundarban—the world’s largest mangrove forest—hosts a wide variety of avian species, including parakeets. Though not as commonly observed as some other parrot species, the Plum-headed Parakeet can be spotted in the fringes of the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, particularly where there are semi-evergreen and deciduous patches within the mangroves.

• They prefer less saline areas and are sometimes found in coastal forest edges.
• Observers have recorded them feeding on figs, seeds, and buds of mangrove-associated trees.

However, due to the changing climate and deforestation, their population in the Sundarban region is considered sporadic rather than widespread.

Diet and Feeding Behavior

• The Plum-headed Parakeet primarily feeds on:
  • Fruits (figs, guavas, mangoes, and berries)
  • Seeds and nuts
  • Flowers and buds
  • Occasionally, they consume grains from cultivated fields, sometimes making them a concern for farmers.
• They often forage in small flocks and are known for their acrobatic feeding habits, hanging upside-down to reach their food.

Special Features and Behavior

• Highly Social: Often seen in pairs or small flocks, especially outside the breeding season.
• Excellent Flyers: Known for their swift and direct flight pattern with rapid wingbeats.
• Vocal Calls: Emits high-pitched screeches and melodious chirps, often heard during flight.
• Monogamous Nature: They form strong pair bonds and engage in mutual preening as part of their bonding rituals.
• Breeding Season: Typically from December to April, nesting in tree hollows or old woodpecker holes.

Conservation Status

• Classified as Least Concern (LC) by the IUCN Red List, but habitat destruction is a growing threat.
• The species benefits from protected areas, including the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, where conservation efforts aim to maintain its habitat.

Conclusion

The Plum-headed Parakeet is a vibrant and agile bird, playing an essential role in the ecosystem by dispersing seeds and contributing to forest regeneration. Although its presence in the Sundarban is not as dominant as in other forested regions, it remains a valuable species within the biodiversity of this mangrove habitat. For bird enthusiasts and wildlife photographers, a Sundarban luxury tour offers a chance to observe this species along with the rich birdlife of the region.

For a unique birdwatching experience, consider exploring the Sundarban with a Sundarban private tour package.

Footnote

For more details on the Plum-headed Parakeet, visit its Wikipedia page.